THE QUANTIFICATION OF THE FLY ASH ADSORPTION CAPACITY FOR THE PURPOSE OF CHARACTERIZATION AND USE IN CONCRETE

Fly ash has been shown to be an effective replacement for portland cement in concrete mixtures. However, many fly ash materials contain unburned carbon from the combustion process. Unburned carbon in fly ash adsorbs air entraining admixtures (AEAs) reducing their effectiveness in providing a specified air void system in concrete materials. Measurement tools and methods for characterization of the adsorption properties of fly ash materials are necessary for beneficial use of fly ash materials in concrete. In this research, two methods were developed to measure and quantify the adsorption capacity AEAs on fly ash materials. The first method is the fly ash iodine number, a simple laboratory procedure that measures the adsorption capacity of fly ash based on iodine adsorption. The second is the application of direct adsorption isotherms. This test can be used to quantify the amount of AEA adsorbed by fly ash in concrete. When the iodine number test is combined with the direct adsorption isotherms, the AEAs dosage predictions can be made by simply measuring the fly ash iodine number of the fly ash, then use the fly ash iodine number-direct adsorption correlation to predict the amount of AEA adsorbed, which represent the required dosage adjustment. These two tests provide a robust, simple, and practical methodology for engineers to use in the specification of AEA quantities required for concrete mixes when Portland cement is replaced by fly ash

Study of Y-Chromosome STR Markers in United Arab Emirates Population

The recently introduced 6-dye Yfiler Plus multiplex which includes 27 Y-STR loci (DYS576, DYS389I, DYS635, DYS389II, DYS627, DYS460, DYS458, DYS19, YGATAH4, DYS448, DYS391, DYS456, DYS390, DYS438, DYS392, DYS518, DYS570, DYS437, DYS385 a/b, DYS449, DYS393, DYS439, DYS481, DYF387S1a/b and DYS533) has been used to study 343 UAE Arab male individuals using Yfiler Plus® amplification kit. This set includes seven rapidly mutating loci (RM Y-STRs). These RM Y-STRs are useful for discriminating between closely related and unrelated males.. According to measures of genetic diversity the highest diversity were observed at loci DYS385=(0.94984), DYF387S1=(0.930523) and DYS449=(0.895402). Therefore, these loci should be considered the most diverse and polymorphic for forensic testing which can be used to distinguish between male relatives. 313 haplotypes were observed in UAE Arab male population and 15 haplotypes were shared between two individuals. Discrimination capacity for 27 loci among the UAE Arab male population was determined to be 95.43% whereas haplotype diversity was found to be 0.99973. AMOVA results showed that UAE Arab male population was placed at far genetic distance from European populations such as Denmark, Italy, Spain and United States. While it shows closer genetic distance to the regional populations from Iran, Iraq, Egypt, Yemen and Kuwait

An Analysis of Understanding of Traffic Signs among Drivers and Pedestrians in Dhaka, Bangladesh

This research demonstrates the percentage of drivers and pedestrians understanding the traffic sign in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The survey was conducted among 634 drivers inside and outside of Dhaka city. Moreover, 508 pedestrians participated in the survey within Dhaka city. In comparison, there were 863 male respondents and 279 female respondents among 1142 respondents. The survey took the form of multiple-choice questions that included the picture attached to each sign. However, the survey questionnaires included a few questions regarding driver gender, age, educational qualification, and driving experience. Similarly, the survey questionnaires for pedestrians had also been discussed questions regarding pedestrian gender, age, educational qualification, and job status. The overall traffic sign understanding of drivers was 68.68%. Moreover, the comprehensive traffic signs understanding of pedestrians was 64.5%. The findings showed that the drivers had a medium degree of understanding of the traffic sign’s meaning. However, the study results showed that efforts are needed to educate the drivers and pedestrians about the proper interpretation and reaction to traffic signals

Influence Of Steam Curing On Engineering And Fluid Transport Properties Of High Strength Green Concrete Containing Palm Oil Fuel Ash

Previous studies on the utilization of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) in high strength concrete indicated clear limitation in term of the efficiency of the POFA, whereby only small replacement can be used and early strength is significantly reduced in particular at high POFA content. It is envisaged that the efficiency of the POFA could be improved via mechanical and heat treatments. This will enable the POFA to be used in greater volume in high strength concrete, without jeopardizing the properties and performance of the concrete. Thus, the main objective of this investigation is to study the influence of treated palm oil fuel ash (POFA) on the engineering and fluid transport properties of high-strength green concrete (HSGC). In addition, the influence of application of various regimes of steam curing on the engineering and fluid transport properties of the HSGC containing up to 60% of treated POFA is also studied. Effect of treated POFA on its chemical and physical properties has been studied based on tests such as XRD techniques, XRF analysis, SEM/EDX, thermal analysis and particle size analysis. POFA obtained from a palm-oil industry waste was treated via heat treatment to remove excess carbon and ground to a median particle size of about 2 μm. The ultrafine POFA (U-POFA) obtained was then utilized in the production of HSGCs with POFA replacement levels of 0, 20, 40 and 60% by mass of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The results show that the treatment processes undertaken on the POFA result in a highly efficient pozzolan mineral admixture for HSC and will enable it to be utilized higher quantity

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the Era of Novel Therapies

Recently, the outcomes of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia have improved significantly due to the progresses achieved in diagnostics and various therapeutic interventions. In particular, the availability of several novel agents and targeted therapies as well as the provision of safer modalities of stem cell transplants have yielded higher responses and improved survival rates. The role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is reviewed in children and adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the era of novel agents and targeted therapies. Various modalities of stem cell therapies in different types of acute lymphoblastic leukemia as well as closely related issues such as graft versus tumor effect, minimal residual disease, and conditioning therapies are discussed thoroughly. In addition, various modalities of novel therapies have been discussed to be efficacious in clinical practice

Ethiopian Dam Optimum Hydraulic Operating Conditions to Reduce Unfavorable Impacts on Downstream Countries

As noted by several researchers, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Blue Nile River is expected to have unfavorable consequences for downstream countries like Egypt and Sudan. To limit GERD's negative effects on downstream countries, its operation should be secure, and its upstream water level should be ideal. However, none of the studies carried out the ideal operating scenarios from the perspective of controlling the number of gate openings. Accordingly, this study evaluates the optimal operating scenarios of the GERD and its impact on downstream countries by adopting a mathematical model to analyze the number of gates that can be opened and the depth of opening during different filling years. The paper also presents an environmental impact assessment of some GERD significant factors during construction, filling, and operation, with the goal of developing a mitigation strategy. The results showed that opening 5 gates at 4.56 m over a 10-year filling period would be the safest, most accepted, and most advantageous for Ethiopia and downstream countries. Moreover, creating a water-saving management plan in Egypt to overcome GERD's negative impacts would cost 877 billion Egyptian pounds. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-09-011 Full Text: PD

An Energy-Efficient Cross-Layer approach for cloud wireless green communications

In wireless sensor networks (WSN), energy consumption is one of the crucial issues. It is very important to conserve energy at each sensor node to prolong a network lifetime. The main challenge in WSN is to develop an energy efficient algorithm to minimize energy consumption during transmitting information from deployed sensors up to the cloud resources. Many researches have been studied the designing of energy efficient technique based on one-layer stack model approach. In this study, we propose Energy-Efficient Cross-Layer (EECL) approach by using the interaction of MAC layer and physical layer information to be exploited by a network layer to achieve energy efficient communication. More precisely, network layer could utilize the MAC layer and physical layer information to establish an energy efficient route path to be used in forwarding data. The proposed EECL approach uses X-MAC protocol in support of duty cycle which introduces short preambles that switches to wake-up/sensing mode only for nodes belonging to routing path while the other nodes set to be in sleep mode. The distance between nodes that influences energy consumption and Bit Error Rate (BER) are set to be the parameters which they are help in indicating the required power for each hop during route path selection in WSN and avoid the rely-hops that suffering from high average BER and with farther distance. We conduct the experiment using Matlab to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed approach in terms of power consumption and obtained data rate. The results show that our proposed EECL approach outperforms its representatives in the ability of tuning the power utilized in respect with required data rate that could satisfy the desired Quality-of-Service (QoS)

Evaluate the Socio-Economic Impact of the International Coastal Road (ICR) on Burg Elburullus City

Communities are grappling with environmental, social, and economic challenges due to rapid urbanization and physical changes, with coastal slums bearing the brunt of the impact. Unplanned urban development worsens pollution, inequality, and disaster risk for low-income households. Specific sustainable development plans are vital for tailored solutions based on each community's distinct needs and views. This study examines the socio-economic impacts of the establishment of the International Coastal Road (ICR) in the city of BURJ AL-BURULLUS in Northern Egypt, which marked the beginning of major urbanization efforts in the region in 2002. The physical landscape of the city has undergone significant changes due to urban expansion, with the extension of the city having grown to almost twice the size of the original city. The expansion of the city due to the ICR has caused significant changes to the area's environment, communities, and economies. In particular, the separation of the city from the nearby lake, which was its primary source of income, has had diverse impacts on various aspects of people's lives. This study employed a narrative method to assess ICR's impacts on the area's environments, communities, and economies. Nine villagers with diverse incomes were selected and encouraged to freely share their detailed views. The study focused on the socioeconomic impacts of the changes on the city, but it had significant impacts on all economic, social, and environmental levels. Community participation enhances research outcomes regarding the challenges experienced by impoverished communities due to urbanization. It also assists in the creation of improvement strategies responsive to the distinct requirements of each community by incorporating important perspectives and first-hand experiences of those affected by urbanization

Multi-Objective Optimization of AISI P20 Mold Steel Machining in Dry Conditions Using Machine Learning—TOPSIS Approach

In the present research, AISI P20 mold steel was processed using the milling process. The machining parameters considered in the present work were speed, depth of cut (DoC), and feed (F). The experiments were designed according to an L$_{27}$ orthogonal array; therefore, a total of 27 experiments were conducted with different settings of machining parameters. The response parameters investigated in the present work were material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra, Rt, and Rz), power consumption (PC), and temperature (Temp). The machine learning (ML) approach was implemented for the prediction of response parameters, and the corresponding error percentage was investigated between experimental values and predicted values (using the ML approach). The technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach was used to normalize all response parameters and convert them into a single performance index (Pi). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted using the design of experiments, and the optimized setting of machining parameters was investigated. The optimized settings suggested by the integrated ML–TOPSIS approach were as follows: speed, 150 m/min; DoC, 1 mm; F, 0.06 mm/tooth. The confirmation results using these parameters suggested a close agreement and confirmed the suitability of the proposed approach in the parametric evaluation of a milling machine while processing P20 mold steel. It was found that the maximum percentage error between the predicted and experimental values using the proposed approach was 3.43%